System Design: Maps Platform (Navigation, Routing, and Map Rendering)

Goal: Build a mapping and navigation platform that serves 1 billion daily active users, renders map tiles for 20 billion tile requests per day, and computes routes for 5 billion routing requests per day.

It also processes 50 million real-time location updates per second from navigators, background app users, fleet vehicles, and connected cars.

Support turn-by-turn navigation, multi-modal routing (driving, walking, cycling, transit), real-time traffic overlays, offline maps, and POI search across 500 million points of interest in 200+ countries.