Design Google Maps

Design a maps and navigation platform like Google Maps for 1 billion daily users. The system must serve 20 billion vector tile requests per day, compute 5 billion routes per day under 200ms p99, and ingest 50 million GPS location updates per second from navigators, background app users, fleets, and OEM connected cars. Cover map rendering across 23 zoom levels, multi-modal routing (driving, walking, cycling, transit), traffic-aware ETA prediction, real-time traffic overlays, offline maps, and POI search across 500 million points of interest in 200+ countries.